Rajiv Gandhi School of Medicine

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After studying this course, Students should be able to:

1. outline the services provided by a hospital histology laboratory, and who uses them
2. Outline the processes involved in each week and explain the purpose of each of these processes.
3. Understand why histology is essential for accurate diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression.

• Throughout this course the students should understand complete details about the structures, development of human embryo at different stages including gametogenesis, fertilization, and implantation. Also, the students have the ability to correlate between the embryological structure and its clinical significance. This course trains the student to solve and understand any related clinical problems by simple and short way. Practically, the students will see the listed embryological subjects.
• By the end of this course the student will demonstrate the ability to assimilate and integrate information from lectures, practical, tutorial and independent activities on the gametogenesis, fertilization, implantation, embryonic period, fetal period and development of the pharyngeal arches and their derivatives.
• The student will demonstrate the ability to apply basic knowledge and cognitive skills to solve problems, and understand some related areas beyond the course and appreciate the major supporting evidence based on text-books reviews and electronic learning materials. The student will have the experience through small group teaching and group discussion to analyze any related clinical problem or congenital anomaly and to communicate with other students and teaching staff

The course aims to provide an advanced understanding of the core principles and topics of Biochemistry and their experimental basis, and to enable students to acquire a specialized knowledge and understanding of selected aspects by means of a stem/branch lecture series and a research project.

1. To introduce the medical student to the study of Behavioral Sciences and its importance in the physician-patient relationship.
2. To identify, analyze and interpret the different aspects involved in the human behavior, normal and abnormal, and its clinical application.

This course provides the students with lectures and comprehensive overview of the gross anatomy of the components of the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive and the urogenital systems as well as the organs of vision, hearing and balance.

1. Provide the knowledge, technical skills and experience necessary for residents to competently practice anatomic and clinical pathology. This includes developing knowledge of basic pathologic processes and skills needed to interpret laboratory data as well as make clinic pathologic correlations.
2. Promote effective communication and sharing of expertise with peers and colleagues.
3. Promote the development of investigative skills to better understand pathologic processes as they apply to both individual patients and the general patient population.
4. Promote the acquisition of knowledge and provide experience in laboratory direction and management and encourage residents to assume a leadership role in the education of other physicians and allied health professionals.

Although Biochemistry, Cell Biology, and Molecular Biology are still offered as separate courses at many institutions, these disciplines now largely overlap and most topics require an integrated approach for adequate understanding. Biochemistry 2 uses the knowledge and understanding gained in the prerequisite level 1 courses (see below) to provide students with an appreciation and an understanding of key biochemistry and molecular biology concepts. Consequently the topics covered include DNA structure, synthesis and repair, RNA and protein synthesis, and the control of gene expression, recombinant DNA technology, cell structure and organization and signal transduction pathways. The course combines lectures, tutorials that reinforce the lecture content, and the practical’s offered by the school of Molecular and Biomedical Science to complement the lecture content.

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

1. elicit a comprehensive family medical history, construct an appropriate medical pedigree, and correctly recognize patterns of inheritance and other signs suggestive of genetic disease in the family history
2. recognize features in a patient’s medical history, physical examination or laboratory investigations that suggest the presence of genetic disease
3. identify patients with strong inherited predispositions to common diseases and facilitate appropriate assessment of other at-risk family members
4. recognize and classify common congenital anomalies and patterns of anomalies
5. recognize and initiate the evaluation of patients with inborn errors of metabolism

This course provides a basis for disease surveillance, prevention and control. It employs an integration of scientific principles and elements of research methodology and bio-statics with epidemiology in determining levels of health of the individual, family and community in an effort to prevent disease and promote health.

By the end of the course students will be able to identify the major features of the brain and spinal cord (using prosected specimens, models and cross-sectional images), to describe the structural and functional relationships between these structures and to apply this knowledge to further research and clinical studies.

This course includes two components; a theoretical and a practical one. The theoretical part introduces dental students to basic knowledge in the following subjects: developmental disturbances of the oral region, cysts of the oral region, infections of teeth and bone, bone lesions, odontogenic tumors and epithelial disorders. The practical part will include a full description of histological features of each disease.

1. Provide the knowledge, technical skills and experience necessary for residents to competently practice anatomic and clinical pathology. This includes developing knowledge of basic pathologic processes and skills needed to interpret laboratory data as well as make clinic pathologic correlations.
2. Promote effective communication and sharing of expertise with peers and colleagues.
3. Promote the development of investigative skills to better understand pathologic processes as they apply to both individual patients and the general patient population.
4. Promote the acquisition of knowledge and provide experience in laboratory direction and management and encourage residents to assume a leadership role in the education of other physicians and allied health professionals.

This course covers principles of microbiology and the impact these organisms have on man and the environment. Topics include the various groups of microorganisms, their structure, physiology, genetics, microbial pathogenicity, infectious diseases, immunology, and selected practical applications. Upon completion, students should be able to demonstrate knowledge and skills including microscopy, aseptic technique, staining, culture methods, and identification of microorganisms.

The purpose of this course is introducing students to bioethics as an interdisciplinary subject through critical thinking, writing, and discussing contemporary issues. Bioethical thinking is neither biology nor ethics but, rather, a melding of both of them. Interdisciplinary thinking is solidly rooted in the processes of scientific thinking and, simultaneously, is solidly rooted in the processes of philosophical thinking. As the piers of a suspension bridge stand solidly on firmament to support the span between them, so also do the disciplinary ways of knowing biology and ethics serve as solid foundations to support the interdisciplinary thinking of bioethics.

This course includes two components; a theoretical and a practical one. The theoretical part introduces dental students to basic knowledge in the following subjects: developmental disturbances of the oral region, cysts of the oral region, infections of teeth and bone, bone lesions, odontogenic tumors and epithelial disorders. The practical part will include a full description of histological features of each disease.

• Discuss principles of Preventive Medicine  research study design and protocol development
• Describe ethical and regulatory issues in conducting research involving human subjects
• Discuss biostatistical significance including data management and defining measures and instruments
• Describe the process of applying for funding
• Describe how to present research data

This course will advance your understanding of the complex and interesting world of your body’s defense system. Immunology studies the body’s defenses against invading microorganisms, and the way in which these defenses can break down and lead to disease. You will also discover that the immune system is impacted by physiological and environmental factors as well as aging and the course links immunological theory to the broader populations and social context.

The objectives of the course are to present clinical pharmacology and practical therapeutics, including fundamental principles, mechanisms of action, rationales for drug selection, optimization of drug therapy, and assessment of therapeutic efficacy and outcome.

During the semester, the students will learn that proper nutrition is necessary for the sustainace of life. They will know what nutrients are needed in the body, how these nutrients are used, what happens if these nutrients are lacking or highly concentrated in body. They will be taught how to do nutritional assessment, calculate caloric needs, make out therapeutic diets and be able to identify nutrients/drugs interaction. The students can identify what nutrients are important during various stages of the life cycle as well as during pregnancy and lactation. At the end of the semester, these students will appreciate the role of nutrition in prevention of diseases.

Pathophysiology is offered in the fifth semester, amalgamated into 18 uninterrupted weeks of
study. The objectives of the courses are structured to explore why and how diseases occur as well as developing a student’s deductive reasoning and synthesis of information skills. Understanding the process by which one approaches disease(s), arrives at a diagnosis based upon clinical information, and then applies this information to the institution of appropriate therapeutic
interventions is the major goal.

By presenting the course concomitantly with Pharmacology and Advanced Clinical Skills in an
integrated fashion, the goals and objectives of the course are achieved.

The lectures present a cohesive Pathophysiology Course, which is preparatory to the students’ entry into the clinical years.

At the end of this course the student will be able to:

• Take an interview in every clinical possible condition, collect optimal information about patients history and present it in a specific structure
• Learn and practice the standard procedure in physical examination of all organ system, to know, to evaluate and to interpret the findings
• Come to a differential and a definitive diagnosis on the basis of the results in taking history and physical examination targeting patients complaints and physical findings
• Know the pitfalls in taking history and examination practice which are leading to a wrong diagnosis

At the end of the course the student will be able to:

1. Describe the movement of molecules across the cell membrane and its regulation.
2. Explain the morphological and functional characteristics of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.
3. Classify the divisions of the Autonomic System and understand its role in the regulation of physiological systems.
4. Evaluate the main functions of the heart and blood vessels, as well as the regulation and integrative actions of the cardiovascular system.
5. Describe the organization of the respiratory system as well as its function and components.
6. Name and analyze the structural-functional relationship of the renal system and its integrative function with other organ systems.
7. Compare the physiological responses caused by acid or base disturbances.
8. Explain the components of the thermoregulation system.
9. Demonstrate the organization and function of the gastrointestinal system.
10. Describe the organization and function of the endocrine system and explain its role in regulating homeostasis of the human body.
11. Discuss the physiological adaptations and responses to exercise.
12. Recognize the interplay between genes and hormones in the expression of male and female phenotypes.
13. Describe and compare the male and female reproductive systems.
14. Evaluate how each system responds to a specific stimuli, either physical or Environmental, and explain how the responses contribute to the etiology of disease.

After taking this course, students will possess the confidence to communicate intelligently about the vicissitudes of integration in medicine through illuminated discourse and experiential learning / teaching.

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